Criminal market
4.63
Human Trafficking
5.41
Human Smuggling
4.27
Arms Trafficking
5.91
Flora Crimes
5.68
Fauna Crimes
5.59
Non-Renewable Resources Crimes
5.64
Heroin Trade
3.09
Cocaine Trade
2.55
Cannabis Trade
4.36
Synthetic Drugs Trade
3.77
Criminal Actors
5.08
Mafia-Style Groups
3.45
Criminal Networks
5.09
State-Embedded Actors
7.09
Foreign Actors
4.68
Political Leadership and Governance
2.95
Government Transparency and Accountability
2.32
International Cooperation
3.82
National Policies and Laws
4.18
Judicial System and Detention
2.82
Law Enforcement
3.27
Territorial Integrity
3.73
Anti-Money Laundering
2.91
Economic Regulatory Environment
2.77
Victim and Witness Support
1.86
Prevention
1.95
Non-State Actors
2.77
In line with other regions, criminal actors marginally drive up the criminality average for Central Africa, with an average score of 5.08, compared to its criminal markets average score of 4.63. When looking at the criminality components individually, both criminal markets and actors fall below the continental averages (4.68 and 5.25, respectively), suggesting perhaps a more limited distribution of criminality typologies than experienced in other regions. In the context of prolonged conflict in the region and the extensive biodiversity that occurs in many countries in Central Africa, arms trafficking and the environmental markets are far more prevalent than are the drug economies. While the region’s average criminal actors score places this subcomponent in the middle of the regional ranking, state-embedded actors have the highest average score in Central Africa than in any other region on the continent. Central Africa is by some distance the lowest-scoring region in Africa for resilience, with an average score of 2.95. While the region does not perform well on any resilience indicator, collectively it falls particularly short with regard to social protection measures, such as victim and witness support and prevention measures.
Criminal market
3.10
Human Trafficking
5.00
Human Smuggling
3.50
Arms Trafficking
2.50
Flora Crimes
3.00
Fauna Crimes
6.00
Non-Renewable Resources Crimes
1.00
Heroin Trade
5.00
Cocaine Trade
1.50
Cannabis Trade
2.00
Synthetic Drugs Trade
1.50
Criminal Actors
4.38
Mafia-Style Groups
1.00
Criminal Networks
4.50
State-Embedded Actors
6.00
Foreign Actors
6.00
Political Leadership and Governance
2.50
Government Transparency and Accountability
2.00
International Cooperation
3.00
National Policies and Laws
2.50
Judicial System and Detention
2.00
Law Enforcement
2.00
Territorial Integrity
3.00
Anti-Money Laundering
4.00
Economic Regulatory Environment
3.00
Victim and Witness Support
1.50
Prevention
1.00
Non-State Actors
3.50
This is primarily due to the non-existent to little influence of the trade in cocaine, cannabis and synthetic drugs. Notably, however, the heroin trade scores considerably higher because the Comoros islands are a significant trans-shipment point. Among environmental crimes, while non-renewable resources crimes and flora crimes are low-scoring, experts deem fauna crimes to have a significant influence on society. Human trafficking is considered to be a significant problem for Comoros. It is feared corrupt government officials involved in the illicit market may be underreporting it. Comoros ranks 45th for resilience, with only two categories considered to be moderately effective. There are minimal measures for the prevention and curbing of organised crime. This may be due in part to the high level of suspected corruption in the government.
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The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel.